Geoege nigmo



Patented Febf8, 1887-.

WITNESSES BY Q'TM. ATT'YS,

NITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

GEORGE N IMMO, OF NEWARK, NEW JERSEY.

FEEDER FOR lNGOT-MOLDS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 357,286, dated February8, 1887.

Application filed August 13, 1886.

To all whom it mag concern;

Be it known that I, GEORGE NIMMo,a citizen of the United States,residing at Newark, in the county of Essex and State of New Jersey, haveinvented certain new and useful Improvements in Feeders for Ingot-Molds;and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exactdescription of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in theart to which it appertains to make and use the same, reference being hadto the accompanying drawings, and to letters of reference markedthereon, which form a part of this specification.

The object of this invention is to enable ingots tobe cast free fromthat class of imperfections commonly known as pipes, and to accomplishsaidresults at the least possible cost and expense of time and labor.

The invention consists in a feeder of clay or other fire-proof material,and in the combination of the same with an ingot or other mold,substantially as will be hereinafter set forth, andfinally embodied inthe clauses of the claims.

Referring to the drawings, in which like letters indicate correspondingparts. in each of. the figures, Figure 1 illustrates an ingot-mold ofany suitable construction and of any convenient form. Fig. 2 shows aningot having an imperfection or pipe in its upper end. Figs. 3, 4, 5,and 6 show in cross-section various forms of feeders embodying myimprovement.

In Fig. 1, 1) represents the ingot cast in the mold, and c a feeder ofclay or other fire-proof material. Ordinarily, when the metal is cast ina mold without a feeder it cools and solidifies on the outer surface,while the center remains in a liquid state, and then when the centerbegins to'cool it shrinks away from the outer lamina. forming a hollowor pipe, as shown at b, Fig. 2. To obviate this tendency I employ afeeder, c, of clay or other fire-proof material.

The feeders in Figs. 1, 4, and 5 are first heated to rednessor a whiteheat and then inserted in the top of the mold immediately after theingot is poured, and the space f in the center of the feeder is filledor charged by pouring in metal. This charge in the feeder be comes acontinuation of the molten metal of the ingot, and will prevent the saidingot from piping by being fed to the body of the ingot Serial No.210,703. (No model.)

as it shrinks in the process of cooling. The metal in the mold under thefeeder will crystallize regularly, the cooling or crystallization beingregulated by the said feeder and its charge of metal, the pipe orimperfections being formed in the charge rather than in the body of .theingot. The said charge, when fore the ingot is placedin the market. 7

The feeders shown in Figs. 3 and t are pro ably used when the feederinserted in the mold rests on the top of said mold. The feeder is thusprevented from slipping into the mold chamber. Theseflanged feeders maybe placed in the mold before the metal is poured, and are provided withfunnel-shaped opening g in the top to facilitate the pouring of themetal or to renderthe process more certain. The pouring of said metalcontinues until the mold and feeder is full, the charge of the feederacting as above described. I

Fig. 4 shows a feeder having a funnel-shaped depression, 9, in the topto facilitate the pouring of the metal. Fig. 5 shows afeeder where thecentral feed-hole, e, flares or has the form This constructionfacilitates the process of drawing away the feeder when the metalbecomes solid. feeder with the same modification.

It is obvious that other changes in shape may be made without departingfrom the scope of this invention -tha't is, the shape of the feeder maybe varied, both as to theloutside and inside or aperture, Whf oTn to theshape Tf'tliehiiol'dor'bftlie ingot to be cast therein,

whether it be square, round, oval, or. other form. It will also beunderstood that the feeders are thoroughly dried and baked before beingused, in order to enable them to withstand the intense heat, as also thehandling, to which they aresubjected.

I aware that refractory or heat-resisting substances have been used as alining for iron gates or feeders when making metal casts, and Itherefore limit myself herein accordingly. It may be remarked, however,that such structures could not be utilized in such cases as arecontemplated in the present invention, owing, among other things, to theunequal expansion hardened, may be broken off or removed bevided withflanged tops, d, which are preferof a conelarger at the base than at thetop.

Fig. 6 represents a flanged and contraction and to the difference in theheat-resisting powers of the two substances.

Having thus fully described my invention, I claim as new 1. Incombination with an ingot-mold, a feeder composed of fire-clay or otherequivalent fire-proof material, and arranged to operate substantially asand for the purposes herein set forth.

2. A feeder for ingot-molds, consisting of a hollow body of clay orother fire-proof material, having a flanged top to rest on the mold, andprovided with a funnel-shaped hole communieating with the hollow body,substantially as set forth.

3. A feeder for ingot-molds, consisting of a body of clay or otherfire-proof material, having a funnel-shaped depression in the topthereof communicating with a feed hole through the center thereof,substantially as set forth. I

4. A feeder for ingot-molds, consisting of a body of clay or otherfire-proof material, having a flanged top integral therewith to rest onthe mold, and having in said flanged top a funnel-shaped openingcommunicating with a flaring opening in the lower portion of said body,the said opening being larger toward the bottom, substantially as andfor the purposes herein described.

5. A feeder for ingot-molds, consisting of a body of clay or otherfire-proof material, having afunnel-shaped depression in the topconimunicating with a flaring opening in the lower portion of said body,the said opening being larger toward the bottom, substantially as setforth.

6. The combination, with a mold, ofa heated feeder inserted in or overthe opening in the top of the mold, substantially as set forth.

7. A feeder for ingot-molds, composed of clay or other fireproofmaterial, and provided with a tapering aperture therethrough, for thepurposes set forth. I

In testimony that I claim the foregoing I have hereunto set my hand this11th day of August, 1886.

GEORGE NIMMO.

Witnesses:

CHARLES H. PELL, OSCAR A. MICHEL.

